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"Title":" 和"FrontTitle":" 是题干
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"Content":" 是选项的内容
"Answer":" 是答案
"Explain":" 是解析
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肾炎的常见病因。霉酚酸酯治疗(C错)(现称吗替麦考酚酯)用于肉芽肿性间质性肾炎的治疗。","SelectedItems":[{"Content":"环孢素治疗","ItemName":"A"},{"Content":"泼尼松0.5~1.0mg/(kg·d)","ItemName":"B"},{"Content":"霉酚酸酯治疗","ItemName":"C"},{"Content":"甲泼尼龙冲击治疗","ItemName":"D"},{"Content":"环磷酰胺冲击治疗","ItemName":"E"},{"Content":"中医中药治疗","ItemName":"F"}],"TestPoint":"","Answer":"BD","knowPoint":"","material_content":"","chapter_content":"","DealInfo":"","LevelRate":0.5,"ReplyRate":0.5,"IsState":0},{"A3TestItemID":24132400,"Title":"69cda4e050cdf2429d6f8133ca66db1f70596b365c570355f49b969b96ce8ddf","Explain":"肾活检回报提示肾脏组织有明显的细胞浸润及间质水肿,浸润的细胞主要有嗜酸粒细胞等,肾小球和肾血管无明显病变(急性药物过敏性间质性肾炎病理特点),目前已经给予常规抗过敏药物辅以血液透析治疗1周,复查血Cr696μmol/L(肌酐,正常值44~97μmol/L,升高),结合其临床症状、体查、实验室检查,诊断急性药物过敏性间质性肾炎。治疗急性间质性肾炎的总疗程一般不超过2~4个月(B对)。急性膀胱炎治疗的总疗程一般为3~7天(F错)。1~2周(E错)激素治疗无效的患者加用环磷酰胺。加用的环磷酰胺使用1个月(A错),剂量为1~2mg/(kg·d)。治疗急性间质性肾炎的个别疗程可达半年(D错)至1年(C错),6周无效则应停药。","SelectedItems":[{"Content":"1个月","ItemName":"A"},{"Content":"2~3个月","ItemName":"B"},{"Content":"1年以上","ItemName":"C"},{"Content":"半年","ItemName":"D"},{"Content":"1~2周","ItemName":"E"},{"Content":"3~5天","ItemName":"F"}],"TestPoint":"","Answer":"B","knowPoint":"","material_content":"","chapter_content":"","DealInfo":"","LevelRate":0.5,"ReplyRate":0.5,"IsState":0}],"IsFav":0,"UserNoteContent":""},{"Title":"临床诊断首先考虑","Explain":"综合该患者的病史、症状、体查、实验室检查,该患者诊断考虑为急性间质性肾炎(C对)。狼疮肾炎(F错),在SLE基础上,有肾脏损害表现,如持续性蛋白尿(>0.5g/d,或>+++)、血尿或管型尿(可为红细胞或颗粒管型等)。急性肾炎(AGN),即急性肾小球肾炎(H错),是以急性肾炎综合征为主要临床表现的一组疾病,临床特点为急性起病,表现为血尿、蛋白尿、水肿和高血压,可伴有一过性肾功能不全,多见于链球菌感染后,其他细菌、病毒及寄生虫感染亦可引起。慢性肾小球肾炎(A错),简称慢性肾炎,病人尿检异常(蛋白尿、血尿)、伴或不伴水肿及高血压病史达3个月以上。急性肾盂肾炎(D错),育龄女性最多见,常有发热、寒战、甚至出现毒血症症状,尿路刺激征,伴明显腰痛,输尿管点和(或)肋脊点压痛、肾区叩击痛等。急性间质性肾炎的诊断依据包括:①近期用药史;②药物过敏表现;③尿检异常;④肾小管及肾小球功能损害。通常认为有上述表现中前两条,再加上后两条中任一,即可临床诊断。","HasExplain":1,"TestPoint":"","Answer":"C","Difficulty":"","SelectedItems":[{"Content":"慢性肾小球肾炎","ItemName":"A"},{"Content":"多发性骨髓瘤","ItemName":"B"},{"Content":"急性间质性肾炎","ItemName":"C"},{"Content":"急性肾盂肾炎","ItemName":"D"},{"Content":"类风湿关节炎","ItemName":"E"},{"Content":"狼疮肾炎","ItemName":"F"},{"Content":"急性膀胱炎","ItemName":"G"},{"Content":"急性肾小球肾炎","ItemName":"H"}],"knowPoint":"","material_content":"","chapter_content":"","StyleType":"A3TEST","SubStyleType":"ATEST","FrontTitle":"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","AllTestID":24068397,"A3TestID":24132401,"ChildTableID":24132401,"SrcID":1,"SbjID":16,"CptID":2573,"SourceName":"章节练习","IsState":0,"A3TestItems":[{"A3TestItemID":24132401,"Title":"780d8fc3bfdf510081fc4dd3e7feb683eaf325300f7567a261f0d76bac7fd939","Explain":"综合该患者的病史、症状、体查、实验室检查,该患者诊断考虑为急性间质性肾炎(C对)。狼疮肾炎(F错),在SLE基础上,有肾脏损害表现,如持续性蛋白尿(>0.5g/d,或>+++)、血尿或管型尿(可为红细胞或颗粒管型等)。急性肾炎(AGN),即急性肾小球肾炎(H错),是以急性肾炎综合征为主要临床表现的一组疾病,临床特点为急性起病,表现为血尿、蛋白尿、水肿和高血压,可伴有一过性肾功能不全,多见于链球菌感染后,其他细菌、病毒及寄生虫感染亦可引起。慢性肾小球肾炎(A错),简称慢性肾炎,病人尿检异常(蛋白尿、血尿)、伴或不伴水肿及高血压病史达3个月以上。急性肾盂肾炎(D错),育龄女性最多见,常有发热、寒战、甚至出现毒血症症状,尿路刺激征,伴明显腰痛,输尿管点和(或)肋脊点压痛、肾区叩击痛等。急性间质性肾炎的诊断依据包括:①近期用药史;②药物过敏表现;③尿检异常;④肾小管及肾小球功能损害。通常认为有上述表现中前两条,再加上后两条中任一,即可临床诊断。","SelectedItems":[{"Content":"慢性肾小球肾炎","ItemName":"A"},{"Content":"多发性骨髓瘤","ItemName":"B"},{"Content":"急性间质性肾炎","ItemName":"C"},{"Content":"急性肾盂肾炎","ItemName":"D"},{"Content":"类风湿关节炎","ItemName":"E"},{"Content":"狼疮肾炎","ItemName":"F"},{"Content":"急性膀胱炎","ItemName":"G"},{"Content":"急性肾小球肾炎","ItemName":"H"}],"TestPoint":"","Answer":"C","knowPoint":"","material_content":"","chapter_content":"","DealInfo":"","LevelRate":0.5,"ReplyRate":0.5,"IsState":0},{"A3TestItemID":24132402,"Title":"a9521e8acf3e5cc608290a88921f13ffc535eef89260bd6dfa87a22208345eaecf0da7c7af04c557","Explain":"25岁青年男性患者,因肺炎静滴新型青霉素I(G对)(急性间质性肾炎的常见病因),1天后出现关节痛、皮疹(F对)、尿量减少(D对)(符合急性间质性肾炎的症状)。尿常规示:蛋白(++)(A对)(正常为阴性,尿蛋白阳性提示蛋白尿),白细胞3个/HP~6个/HP(正常范围1~2/HP,>5/HP提示镜下脓尿),红细胞5个/HP~8个/HP(正常为0/HP,>3/HP提示镜下血尿,符合急性间质性肾炎的表现)。血常规:血红蛋白108g/L(成年男性为120~160g/L,成年女性为110~150g/L,降低,提示贫血),白细胞4.7×10⁹/L(4~10×10⁹/L);白细胞分类:中性粒细胞0.62(正常范围0.5~0.7),淋巴细胞0.28(正常范围0.2~0.4),嗜酸性粒细胞0.10(C对)(正常范围0.005~0.05,升高,符合药物相关性急性间质性肾炎);血小板120×10⁹/L(正常范围100~300×10⁹/L)。综合该患者的病史、症状、体查、实验室检查,该患者诊断考虑为急性间质性肾炎。因此确立初步诊断的条件包括用药史,尿量减少,蛋白(++),关节痛、皮疹,血嗜酸性粒细胞0.10。","SelectedItems":[{"Content":"蛋白(++)","ItemName":"A"},{"Content":"血红蛋白108g/L","ItemName":"B"},{"Content":"血嗜酸性粒细胞0.10","ItemName":"C"},{"Content":"尿量减少","ItemName":"D"},{"Content":"血小板120×10⁹/L","ItemName":"E"},{"Content":"关节痛、皮疹","ItemName":"F"},{"Content":"用药史","ItemName":"G"}],"TestPoint":"","Ans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